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pp. xxiv, (2), 264, b/w photographs, “Imperialism, Cannadine argues, was a vehicle that enabled the British to replicate and export their own “hierarchical social structure” to their colonies. This need was especially pressing as industrialism changed the social order in their own country. In some undeveloped nations, such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, the Britons could start to build this stratified society from scratch. In other regions, such as India, Africa, and the Far East, they simply worked to preserve the already established order, such as the “caste-based indigenous Indian society” and the rule of the “Malayan sultans and African Kings.” Cannadine stresses that the British system was not about race but about class and status. The British viewed most of their own people as far beneath these foreign chiefs, sultans, and pashas.”