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pp. [7] 239.”The Fighting Tudors explores this extraordinary dynasty’s strategies for survival, and shows how military action to defend the throne became a sophisticated propaganda tool, It traces the great battles of Tudor reigns, from campaigns in France and Scotland to the crises of the Armada, and reveals their public and private impact upon individual monarchs – Henry VII, the ‘sea king’ who pledged to bring peace to his ravaged country; Henry VIII, who loved traditional jousting yet commissioned cutting-edge ships for his standing navy; Mary, whose loss of Calais compounded the disappointments of her reign; and Elizabeth, whose dramatic speech at Tilbury became a defining moment of her reign. Ambitious courtiers and military commanders mingle with volatile monarchs and the great seafarers – Drake, Hawkins, Raleigh and Frobisher – who through exploration, plunder and courageous defence finally brought England dominance on the seas. “